China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial

Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non-pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non-pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357-493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464-3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848-164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT-defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch-and-wait strategy.     

从环境隐喻的角度看外感病的因机证治＊

外感病是感受六淫、疫毒等外界因素引起的疾病，现代医学认为其主要致病因素为细菌或病毒。在以肉身体验为主要认知手段的古代，中医学家不可能发现细菌或病毒的存在，因而中医学家往往以天人相应的整体观来把握认知外感病。由于外感病的发病与传播受到外界气候环境和社会环境的影响，尤与人体的内环境密切相关。有鉴于此，本文从“环境隐喻”的立场出发，对外感病发病的因机证治进行分析。外界的气候环境和社会环境容易被人们感受，而对于古代无法观察人体的内环境，作者借助《论语·季氏将伐颛臾》中“祸起萧墙”的故事，对人体内环境为何与外感病的发病关系密切作以阐释，并通过人参败毒散、达原饮等方证的案例式说明，揭示清理人体内外环境而达治疗外感病的机理。     

10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩影响的评价

目的　分析10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩的影响。方法　采用酸蚀冲洗粘接模式，根据牙本质表面的处理方式和选择粘接剂的不同将牙齿随机分为以下4组（n=5）进行处理，制作牙本质/树脂粘接试件：①对照组，直接使用全酸蚀粘接剂Single bond 2(SB2)处理后粘接；②10-MDP组，使用SB2处理进行粘接前，牙本质表面以含有磷酸酯单体10-MDP的自配底涂剂预处理；③CHX组，使用SB2处理进行粘接前，先以氯己定（CHX）预处理牙本质表面;④SBU组，使用包含10-MDP的通用型粘接剂Single bond universal(SBU)处理后进行粘接。通过微拉伸测试（μTBS）测试粘接强度，以X射线衍射(XRD)、原位酶谱测试表征自配10-MDP底涂剂和两种牙本质粘接剂处理的牙本质表面，分析10-MDP-钙盐形成对牙本质粘接成绩的影响。结果　微拉伸结果显示，不同处理方式的粘接试件在24 h水储后没有表现出明显的统计学差异(P>0.1)；经过6个月的水储后，与10-MDP组和SBU组相比，对照组的微拉伸强度显著降低(P<0.05)，而CHX组的微拉伸强度没有明显变化(P>0.05)。XRD结果显示,在10-MDP组和SBU组均检测到10-MDP-钙盐形成的特征性峰，表明有10-MDP-钙盐的形成。原位酶谱结果显示，10-MDP组与SBU组之间混合层荧光强度没有明显区别，但均明显高于对照组，CHX组荧光强度低于10-MDP组与SBU组。结论　10-MDP-钙盐的形成能够保护暴露的胶原纤维不接触到MMPs而免于水解，从而增强牙本质/树脂的粘接成绩。     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases the 5-year overall survival of patients with resectable cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cervical cancer is a global health challenge in women. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a recent prospect for alternative cervical cancer treatments. This study investigated the efficacy of NACT against resectable cervical cancer based on the medium and long-term survival of patients with the disease. We searched through PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library for relevant reports published by June 2020. The primary outcomes were 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with resectable cervical cancer. Overall, 22 publications encompassing 5627 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found NACT not to affect both 3-year PFS and OS as well as 5-year PFS of patients with resectable cervical cancer. However, NACT significantly improves the 5-year OS of patients with resectable cervical cancer (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, p = 0.013). Subgroup analysis (RCTs, non-RCTs, NACT + surgery + AT vs. surgery + AT, NACT + surgery + AT vs. CCRT/RT/CRT) further revealed NACT had no significant effect on 5-year PFS of patients with resectable cervical cancer, converse to the 5-year OS subgroup analysis, which validated the beneficial effect of NACT in patients with resectable cervical cancer. In addition, the effect of NACT was most significant in the non-RCTs subgroup (p = 0.012). NACT may improve the long-term prognosis of patients with resectable cervical cancer. However, further large-scale multicenter studies are needed to validate this finding.     

The potential role of assisted oocyte activation in the management of a POSEIDON group 3 patient with fertilization failure: A case report and literature review

ObjectiveAssisted oocyte activation combined with ICSI (ICSI-AOA) has been reported to improve fertilization outcomes of couples with oocyte activation deficiency (OAD). Although there's no sufficient evidence to support ICSI-AOA as routine use, it might be beneficial for POSEIDON group 3 patients with suspected oocyte-related OAD.Case reportA 29-year-old female presented with a history of primary infertility for two years. She was classified as a POSEIDON group 3 patient and had a total fertilization failure history. With the help of ICSI-AOA, six oocytes were successfully fertilized. Pregnancy was later confirmed after embryo transfer. A living infant was born after 34 weeks of pregnancy.ConclusionOAD should be taken into consideration for POSEIDON group 3 patients since low Antimüllerian hormone is associated decreased quality. Further research needs to be done to understand the mechanism underlying oocyte-related OAD and the potential role of ICSI-AOA in young patients with suboptimal ovarian response.     

基于基因表达谱相似性的四物汤重定位及抗乳腺癌有效成分群辨识＊

目的 发现四物汤的新药理作用并辨识其有效成分群。方法 于GEO和Cmap数据库获取四物汤和1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱，计算差异表达基因及四物汤与1309个小分子药物的基因表达谱间的相似性，相似性较高的小分子药物的药理作用为四物汤的新药理作用。相似性较高的小分子药物的靶点作为四物汤发挥新药理作用的靶标，利用分子对接技术辨识四物汤的有效成分群。结果 四物汤具有抗乳腺癌的作用，其有效成分群为荭草苷、芍药苷和半乳糖醛酸等，并通过文献调研验证了辨识结果的可靠性。结论 本研究将为扩大四物汤的临床应用范围及质量控制奠定基础，为乳腺癌的治疗提供新方法。     

经颅直流电刺激对精神分裂症伴迟发性运动障碍患者空间 工作记忆的影响

目的 探讨经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对精神分裂症伴迟发性运动障碍（TD）患者空间工作记 忆的影响。方法 选取2017 年6 月至2018 年1 月来源于苏州市广济医院、苏州市社会福利总院、太仓市 精神卫生中心、南充市第六人民医院四家精神专科医院的38 例住院精神分裂症伴TD 患者，随机分为试 验组（21 例）和对照组（17 例）。研究期间，两组患者均接受常规药物治疗，试验组予以tDCS 治疗，采用的 电流为2 mA，刺激部位为左侧背外侧前额叶皮质及对侧眶上缘；对照组相应地予以伪tDCS 治疗。在基 线期、治疗15 次结束后及2 周后进行随访，采用剑桥神经心理自动化成套测试（CANTAB）中的空间工作 记忆（SWM）模块分别对两组患者进行认知测评。结果 在完成15 次治疗后，试验组SWM 指标分析中 的总错误数［31.00（28.50，49.00）］、平均第一次响应时间（4 盒子）［3 289.500（1 871.750，5 018.000）ms］、 平均第一次响应时间（6 盒子）［2 862.500（2 128.500，4 672.250）ms］、平均第一次响应时间（8 盒子） ［3 328.500（2 611.250，5 120.750）ms］与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）；试验组SWM 指标分 析中的策略分［19.00（17.00，20.00）］低于对照组［21.00（19.50，23.00）］，差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 在2 周后的随访中，两组的SWM 各指标比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）。结论 tDCS 可能对精神 分裂症患者使用策略的能力有即刻改善效应。     

中医药治疗耳鼻咽喉头颈外科领域临床优势病种的探讨

在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见病的诊疗中，中西医各有优势与局限。临床诊疗中，中西医结合治疗的疗效肯定，但在优势病种选择及诊疗方案选择方面尚无统一意见。中华中医药学会组织中西医耳鼻咽喉头颈科专家一起进行探讨，从病因、机制、临床诊疗方法等方面出发，基于多项临床研究结果，综合专家意见，推荐将急性咽炎、慢性咽喉炎、咽异感症、癔症性失音、过敏性鼻炎、主观性耳鸣、耳源性眩晕遴选为优势病种，制定出中西医融合的诊疗方案及建议并形成专家指导意见，供临床参考。以期通过中西医结合治疗，使更多的患者受益。